As an Angular developer, mastering the use of Angular Pipes can significantly enhance your ability to manage and transform data efficiently within your applications. Angular Pipes offers a clean, declarative approach to data transformation directly in your templates, making your code more readable and maintainable.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore built-in Angular Pipes, delve into creating custom Angular Pipes, and differentiate between pure and impure Angular Pipes to optimize your application’s performance.
Angular Pipes are functions that transform data before it is displayed in the view. They take in data as input and transform it into a desired format using simple expressions. This approach ensures that the data presentation is consistent and the logic is encapsulated within reusable components.
Related read: Creating Reusable Angular Components with the NgTemplateOutlet Directive
Angular includes several built-in Angular Pipes that simplify common data transformations. Here are a few that are frequently utilized:
Formats a date value according to locale rules.
<p>{{ today | date:'fullDate' }}</p>Output: Displays the current date in a full date format, e.g., “Monday, June 15, 2024”.
Transforms a string to uppercase/lowercase.
Uppercase : <p>{{ 'hello world' | uppercase }}</p>Uppercase : <p>{{ ‘HELLO WORLD' | lowercase}}</p>Output: Uppercase: “HELLO WORLD”, lowercase: “hello world”.
Formats a number as currency.
<p>{{ price | currency:'USD' }}</p>Output: “$1,234.56” (assuming the price is 1234.56).
Formats a number with specified decimal points.
<p>{{ pi | number:'1.2-2' }}</p>Output: “3.14” (assuming the pi is 3.14159265359).
Transforms a number into a percentage.
<p>{{ ratio | percent }}</p>Output: “85%” (assuming the ratio is 0.85)
Converts an object to a JSON string.
<pre>{{ data | json }}</pre>Output:
{
"name": "Angular",
"version": "11"
}(assuming data is an object { “name”: “Angular”, “version”: “11”} ).
Understanding the difference between pure and impure Angular Pipes is crucial for optimizing your Angular applications.
Pure pipes are stateless and their output depends solely on the input parameters. They are recalculated only when the input reference changes, making them efficient for most use cases.
import { Pipe, PipeTransform } from '@angular/core';
@Pipe({
name: 'uppercase',
pure: true
})
export class UpperCasePipe implements PipeTransform {
transform(value: string): string {
return value.toUpperCase();
}
}Impure pipes are stateful and can have side effects. They are called on every change detection cycle, making them suitable for scenarios where the data can change frequently.
import { Pipe, PipeTransform } from '@angular/core';
@Pipe({
name: 'filter',
pure: false
})
export class FilterPipe implements PipeTransform {
transform(items: any[], searchText: string): any[] {
if (!items || !searchText) {
return items;
}
return items.filter(item => item.name.includes(searchText));
}
}Custom pipes allow you to encapsulate complex logic in a reusable component. Here’s a step-by-step guide to creating a custom pipe that reverses a string:
Use Angular CLI to generate a new pipe:
ng generate pipe reverse
Edit the reverse.pipe.ts file:
import { Pipe, PipeTransform } from '@angular/core';
@Pipe({
name: 'reverse'
})
export class ReversePipe implements PipeTransform {
transform(value: string): string {
return value.split('').reverse().join('');
}
}Add the custom pipe to your template:
<p>Reversed text: {{ 'angular' | reverse }}</p>You can combine multiple pipes in sequence to achieve complex data transformations.
<p>{{ birthday | date:'fullDate' | uppercase }}</p>Pass parameters to pipes for dynamic transformations.
<p>{{ price | currency:'USD' }}</p>Handle asynchronous data streams with ‘AsyncPipe’.
<p>{{ observableData$ | async }}</p>
Angular pipes are a powerful feature that can simplify data transformation and presentation in your applications. By mastering built-in pipes, understanding the distinction between pure and impure pipes, and creating custom pipes, you can significantly enhance your development workflow. Experiment with advanced techniques like chaining and parameterizing Angular Pipes to make your applications more efficient and maintainable.
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