FastAPI is a modern web framework that makes it easy to build APIs with Python. It’s designed to be fast in terms of performance and development. If you’re looking for a way to create APIs quickly while ensuring they’re robust and easy to maintain, FastAPI is a great choice. In this blog, we’ll guide you through setting up FastAPI, explain its key features, and show you how to build a simple API.
Related read: An Introduction to FastAPI, a Powerful Python Framework
To start, you need Python 3.7 or later. Then, install FastAPI and a server called uvicorn to run your application:
pip install fastapi uvicornCreate a new Python file called main.py and add the following code:
from fastapi import FastAPI
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/")
def read_root():
return {"message": "Hello, World!"}
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: str = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}This simple app has two endpoints:
To run your app, use this command:
uvicorn main:app --reloadThe —reload option makes sure your app reloads automatically whenever you make changes to the code.
One of the best things about FastAPI is that it automatically creates interactive documentation for your API.
FastAPI makes it easy to work with different types of parameters:
FastAPI uses a tool called Pydantic to validate the data that comes into your API. You can define a model that describes the data, and FastAPI will ensure it matches.
Here’s an example of a POST request that creates an item:
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
app = FastAPI()
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
description: str = None
price: float
tax: float = None
@app.post("/items/")
def create_item(item: Item):
return {"item": item}In this example, we define an Item model with Pydantic. FastAPI automatically checks the data sent to the /items/ endpoint to ensure it matches this model.
FastAPI is designed to handle many requests at once without slowing down. You can write asynchronous functions that can handle tasks like making API calls or database queries.
Here’s an example of an asynchronous endpoint:
import asyncio
from fastapi import FastAPI
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/delayed_response")
async def delayed_response():
await asyncio.sleep(2)
return {"message": "This took 2 seconds to respond"}FastAPI allows you to reuse code by using dependencies. This is useful for tasks like setting up a database connection or checking user authentication.
Here’s a basic example:
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
app = FastAPI()
def common_parameters(q: str = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 10):
return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}
@app.get("/items/")
def read_items(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)):
return commonsIn this example, common_parameters is a reusable piece of code that can be shared across different endpoints.
FastAPI is a powerful yet simple framework for building web APIs with Python. Its speed, ease of use, and built-in features make it a great choice for both small and large projects. Whether you’re building a small app or a large, high-traffic API, FastAPI can help you get the job done quickly and efficiently.
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